The Gender Composition of Establishments' Workforces and Gender Gaps in Wages and Leadership Positions

Linked employer-employee data from the German Federal Statistical Office are used to estimate differences in gender wage gaps and gender gaps in holding leadership positions between establishments with male- and female-dominated workforces. Main findings are: (i) the gender wage gap for workers in non-leadership positions is smaller in establishments with male- and female-dominated workforces than in establishments with a more equal gender composition of the workforce, (ii) the gender wage gap for workers in leadership positions is smallest in male- and largest in female-dominated establishments, and (iii) the gender position gap is smallest in male- and largest in female-dominated establishments.