Participatory mapping of local people's values in restoration landscapes in Western Rwanda

Introduction: Landscape restoration is critical to addressing deforestation, land degradation, and biodiversity loss while promoting human well-being. However, its success largely depends on local knowledge and values, which are often overlooked, reducing the effectiveness and long-term sustainability of restoration. Objectives: This study used a participatory approach to map landscape values and perceptions of well-being in Western Rwanda. The goal was to identify priority restoration areas, uncover potential conflicts, and explore the socio-demographic factors shaping landscape value perceptions within the context of restoration. Methods: A Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS) survey was used to capture the landscape values and restoration practices' impact on local communities. Our analysis focused on understanding spatial and statistical variations in perceptions. Results: In total, 3,047 locations were identified, with regulating values, crop production, and benefits from trees most frequently mapped. Mapped values varied from site to site, reflecting local land use with regulating values, clustered around forests in Rutsiro, whereas in Nyabihu, they were mainly mapped on terraced farmlands. Socio-demographic factors influenced value perceptions, with landless respondents prioritizing crop production while wealthier landowners emphasized water supply. While restoration was generally viewed as beneficial, concerns were raised about the use of non-native species in restoration. These species were seen as potential threats, as they could reduce access to key resources, lower crop productivity, and disrupt cultural and traditional uses. Additionally, the same tree species perceived as harmful to livelihoods were also recognized for their negative impacts on biodiversity. Conclusions: Overall, the findings underscore the need to balance ecological goals with local socio-economic realities and demonstrate the value of PPGIS in participatory restoration planning.