Operationalising the leverage points perspective for empirical research

Strategies to address the current unsustainable trajectory of our planet require deep transformations. The leverage points perspective can support such efforts for transformative change by motivating more research combining empirical and theoretical frameworks to understand the dynamics of complex social–ecological systems. We argue that the leverage points perspective can foster (i) a stronger engagement with plural ways of knowing (i.e. diverse epistemologies) and diverse, potentially divergent paradigms; (ii) a combination of methods to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of system dynamics; (iii) special attention to possible interactions between leverage points within a given system to design more effective interventions and (iv) the recognition of power imbalances and differing values to reach agreements, shared visions and codesigned actions.