Environmental side effects of pharmaceutical cocktails: What we know and what we should know

M. I. Vasquez; A. Lambrianides; M. Schneider; K. Kümmerer; D. Fatta-Kassinos

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.069

Environmental side effects of pharmaceutical cocktails: What we know and what we should know

M. I. Vasquez
, A. Lambrianides
, M. Schneider
, K. Kümmerer
, D. Fatta-Kassinos^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Professorship of Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources

University of Cyprus

Research output: Journal contributions › Scientific review articles › Research

262 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Cocktails of pharmaceuticals are released in the environment after human consumption and due to the incomplete removal at the wastewater treatment plants. Pharmaceuticals are considered as contaminants of emerging concern and, a plethora of journal articles addressing their possible adverse effects have been published during the past 20 years. The emphasis during the early years of research within this field, was on the assessment of acute effects of pharmaceuticals applied singly, leading to results regarding their environmental risk, potentially not realistic or relevant to the actual environmental conditions. Only recently has the focus been shifted to chronic exposure and to the assessment of cocktail effects. To this end, this review provides an up-to-date compilation of 57 environmental and human toxicology studies published during 2000-2014 dealing with the adverse effects of pharmaceutical mixtures. The main challenges regarding the design of experiments and the analysis of the results regarding the effects of pharmaceutical mixtures to different biological systems are presented and discussed herein. The gaps of knowledge are critically reviewed highlighting specific future research needs and perspectives.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Hazardous Materials
Volume	279
Pages (from-to)	169-189
Number of pages	21
ISSN	0304-3894
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.069
Publication status	Published - 30.08.2014

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work has been prepared in the framework of the research project PENEK/0609/24, funded by the Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation through Desmi 2009–2010, which is co-funded by the Republic of Cyprus and the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union. This work was also co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Research Promotion Foundation (Project NEA YΠOΔOMH/ΣTPATH/0308/09).

Research areas and keywords

Chemistry
Combined effects
Concentration addition
Independent action
Mixture
Mode of action
Pharmaceutical
Combined effects
Concentration addition
Independent action
Mixture
Mode of action
Pharmaceutical

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Waste Management and Disposal
Pollution
Environmental Engineering
Environmental Chemistry

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10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.069

Cite this

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title = "Environmental side effects of pharmaceutical cocktails: What we know and what we should know",

abstract = "Cocktails of pharmaceuticals are released in the environment after human consumption and due to the incomplete removal at the wastewater treatment plants. Pharmaceuticals are considered as contaminants of emerging concern and, a plethora of journal articles addressing their possible adverse effects have been published during the past 20 years. The emphasis during the early years of research within this field, was on the assessment of acute effects of pharmaceuticals applied singly, leading to results regarding their environmental risk, potentially not realistic or relevant to the actual environmental conditions. Only recently has the focus been shifted to chronic exposure and to the assessment of cocktail effects. To this end, this review provides an up-to-date compilation of 57 environmental and human toxicology studies published during 2000-2014 dealing with the adverse effects of pharmaceutical mixtures. The main challenges regarding the design of experiments and the analysis of the results regarding the effects of pharmaceutical mixtures to different biological systems are presented and discussed herein. The gaps of knowledge are critically reviewed highlighting specific future research needs and perspectives.",

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author = "Vasquez, \{M. I.\} and A. Lambrianides and M. Schneider and K. K{\"u}mmerer and D. Fatta-Kassinos",

note = "Funding Information: This work has been prepared in the framework of the research project PENEK/0609/24, funded by the Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation through Desmi 2009–2010, which is co-funded by the Republic of Cyprus and the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union. This work was also co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Research Promotion Foundation (Project NEA YΠOΔOMH/ΣTPATH/0308/09).",

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T2 - What we know and what we should know

AU - Vasquez, M. I.

AU - Lambrianides, A.

AU - Schneider, M.

AU - Kümmerer, K.

AU - Fatta-Kassinos, D.

N1 - Funding Information: This work has been prepared in the framework of the research project PENEK/0609/24, funded by the Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation through Desmi 2009–2010, which is co-funded by the Republic of Cyprus and the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union. This work was also co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Research Promotion Foundation (Project NEA YΠOΔOMH/ΣTPATH/0308/09).

PY - 2014/8/30

Y1 - 2014/8/30

N2 - Cocktails of pharmaceuticals are released in the environment after human consumption and due to the incomplete removal at the wastewater treatment plants. Pharmaceuticals are considered as contaminants of emerging concern and, a plethora of journal articles addressing their possible adverse effects have been published during the past 20 years. The emphasis during the early years of research within this field, was on the assessment of acute effects of pharmaceuticals applied singly, leading to results regarding their environmental risk, potentially not realistic or relevant to the actual environmental conditions. Only recently has the focus been shifted to chronic exposure and to the assessment of cocktail effects. To this end, this review provides an up-to-date compilation of 57 environmental and human toxicology studies published during 2000-2014 dealing with the adverse effects of pharmaceutical mixtures. The main challenges regarding the design of experiments and the analysis of the results regarding the effects of pharmaceutical mixtures to different biological systems are presented and discussed herein. The gaps of knowledge are critically reviewed highlighting specific future research needs and perspectives.

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KW - Mode of action

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KW - Concentration addition

KW - Independent action

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Environmental side effects of pharmaceutical cocktails: What we know and what we should know

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Research areas and keywords

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

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