The role of herbivory in mediating ecosystem functions in species-rich forests

The Chinese-European Research Unit has started a new forest Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (BEF) experiment in subtropical forests in China. The objective of this experiment is to analyse the influence of tree and shrub species diversity on ecosystem functioning and services in one of the most prominent diversity hotspots in the northern hemisphere. The studies are carried out in the border region between the two Chinese provinces Jiangxi and Zhejiang (Xingangshan and Gutianshan). Using a species pool of about 100 native tree and shrub species experimental forest stands are planted, varying in both tree and shrub species richness, on a total area of about 70 ha. A range of biodiversity and ecosystem variables will be measured to assess community dynamics and its relation to primary productivity, carbon and nitrogen storage, nutrient cycling and prevention of soil erosion.In parallel, the experimental approach is combined with comparative studies in existing forests. So far, 27 plots have been established in forests varying in diversity and age of the tree layer species.In these plots a total inventory of all woody and herbaceous species has been carried out and the same ecosystem variables have been measured as in the experimental approach. Furthermore, there are numerous supplementary studies carried out in the ten subprojects of the Research Unit.The whole project is realised in a close collaboration between Chinese and European researchers with complementary interests and skills. The joint research will help to resolve one of the most central issues in ecology and global change biology: how plant diversity may be used to establish forests that stabilise the environment and maintain vital ecosystem services in the face of multiple stresses. On the European side, the project involves scientists from Germany and Switzerland from a variety of disciplines such as ecology, botany, zoology, mycology, forestry, soil science, statistics and informatics.