Revealing joining mechanism in refill friction stir spot welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy to galvanized DP600 steel

Banglong Fu; Junjun Shen; Uceu F.H.R. Suhuddin; Ayrton A.C. Pereira; Emad Maawad; Jorge F. dos Santos; Benjamin Klusemann; Michael Rethmeier

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109997

Revealing joining mechanism in refill friction stir spot welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy to galvanized DP600 steel

Banglong Fu^*
, Junjun Shen
, Uceu F.H.R. Suhuddin
, Ayrton A.C. Pereira
, Emad Maawad
, Jorge F. dos Santos
, Benjamin Klusemann
, Michael Rethmeier

^*Korrespondierende/r Autor/-in für diese Arbeit

Publikation: Beiträge in Zeitschriften › Zeitschriftenaufsätze › Forschung › Begutachtung

44 Zitate (Scopus)

Abstract

The application of magnesium (Mg) inevitably involves dissimilar welding with steel. A novel solid state spot welding method, refill friction stir spot welding (refill FSSW), was utilized to weld AZ31 Mg alloy to galvanized DP600 steel. Although Mg/Fe is an immiscible alloy system, defect-free welds with high strength were successfully obtained in a wide parameter window. The results of microstructure, interfacial reactions, and mechanical properties are reported to reveal the underlying joining mechanism. Due to the melting of Zn coating and subsequent Mg-Zn reactions, Mg-Zn eutectic and intermetallic compounds were detected within welds. Heterogeneous interfacial reactions occur along Mg/steel interface, and the relationship between interfacial structure and fracture behavior was investigated. The joining mechanism is associated with Zn coating and Fe-Al layer: 1) the presence of Zn coating is beneficial for achieving high-quality welding between Mg and steel, it protects the interface from oxidation and contributes to brazing of the weld; 2) the Al present in Mg alloy reacts with Fe, resulting in the growth of Fe-Al layer, which contributes to the diffusion bonding in the interface. The overall results clearly show that refill FSSW is a competitive welding method for joining Mg and galvanized steel.

Originalsprache	Englisch
Aufsatznummer	109997
Zeitschrift	Materials and Design
Jahrgang	209
Seitenumfang	18
ISSN	0264-1275
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109997
Publikationsstatus	Erschienen - 01.11.2021

Bibliographische Notiz

Banglong Fu is gratefully acknowledging the funding of China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201506220158). The valuable suggestions from Ms. Changyun Sun (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit?t M?nchen, LMU) are greatly appreciated. The authors are grateful to Prof. Dr. Norbert Hort and Daniel Strerath (Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon) for the help in determining the chemical compositions of BMs. We acknowledge Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Parts of the research were carried out at the High Energy Materials Science (HEMS) of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon using P07B beamline. All the raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings are available from the authors upon reasonable requests.

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Werkstoffmechanik

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title = "Revealing joining mechanism in refill friction stir spot welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy to galvanized DP600 steel",

abstract = "The application of magnesium (Mg) inevitably involves dissimilar welding with steel. A novel solid state spot welding method, refill friction stir spot welding (refill FSSW), was utilized to weld AZ31 Mg alloy to galvanized DP600 steel. Although Mg/Fe is an immiscible alloy system, defect-free welds with high strength were successfully obtained in a wide parameter window. The results of microstructure, interfacial reactions, and mechanical properties are reported to reveal the underlying joining mechanism. Due to the melting of Zn coating and subsequent Mg-Zn reactions, Mg-Zn eutectic and intermetallic compounds were detected within welds. Heterogeneous interfacial reactions occur along Mg/steel interface, and the relationship between interfacial structure and fracture behavior was investigated. The joining mechanism is associated with Zn coating and Fe-Al layer: 1) the presence of Zn coating is beneficial for achieving high-quality welding between Mg and steel, it protects the interface from oxidation and contributes to brazing of the weld; 2) the Al present in Mg alloy reacts with Fe, resulting in the growth of Fe-Al layer, which contributes to the diffusion bonding in the interface. The overall results clearly show that refill FSSW is a competitive welding method for joining Mg and galvanized steel.",

keywords = "Galvanized steel, Magnesium alloy, Mechanical properties, Microstructure, Multi-materials joining, Refill friction stir spot welding, Engineering",

author = "Banglong Fu and Junjun Shen and Suhuddin, \{Uceu F.H.R.\} and Pereira, \{Ayrton A.C.\} and Emad Maawad and \{dos Santos\}, \{Jorge F.\} and Benjamin Klusemann and Michael Rethmeier",

note = "Banglong Fu is gratefully acknowledging the funding of China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201506220158). The valuable suggestions from Ms. Changyun Sun (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit?t M?nchen, LMU) are greatly appreciated. The authors are grateful to Prof. Dr. Norbert Hort and Daniel Strerath (Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon) for the help in determining the chemical compositions of BMs. We acknowledge Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Parts of the research were carried out at the High Energy Materials Science (HEMS) of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon using P07B beamline. All the raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings are available from the authors upon reasonable requests.",

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doi = "10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109997",

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journal = "Materials and Design",

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T1 - Revealing joining mechanism in refill friction stir spot welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy to galvanized DP600 steel

AU - Fu, Banglong

AU - Shen, Junjun

AU - Suhuddin, Uceu F.H.R.

AU - Pereira, Ayrton A.C.

AU - Maawad, Emad

AU - dos Santos, Jorge F.

AU - Klusemann, Benjamin

AU - Rethmeier, Michael

N1 - Banglong Fu is gratefully acknowledging the funding of China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201506220158). The valuable suggestions from Ms. Changyun Sun (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit?t M?nchen, LMU) are greatly appreciated. The authors are grateful to Prof. Dr. Norbert Hort and Daniel Strerath (Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon) for the help in determining the chemical compositions of BMs. We acknowledge Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY (Hamburg, Germany), a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF, for the provision of experimental facilities. Parts of the research were carried out at the High Energy Materials Science (HEMS) of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon using P07B beamline. All the raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings are available from the authors upon reasonable requests.

PY - 2021/11/1

Y1 - 2021/11/1

N2 - The application of magnesium (Mg) inevitably involves dissimilar welding with steel. A novel solid state spot welding method, refill friction stir spot welding (refill FSSW), was utilized to weld AZ31 Mg alloy to galvanized DP600 steel. Although Mg/Fe is an immiscible alloy system, defect-free welds with high strength were successfully obtained in a wide parameter window. The results of microstructure, interfacial reactions, and mechanical properties are reported to reveal the underlying joining mechanism. Due to the melting of Zn coating and subsequent Mg-Zn reactions, Mg-Zn eutectic and intermetallic compounds were detected within welds. Heterogeneous interfacial reactions occur along Mg/steel interface, and the relationship between interfacial structure and fracture behavior was investigated. The joining mechanism is associated with Zn coating and Fe-Al layer: 1) the presence of Zn coating is beneficial for achieving high-quality welding between Mg and steel, it protects the interface from oxidation and contributes to brazing of the weld; 2) the Al present in Mg alloy reacts with Fe, resulting in the growth of Fe-Al layer, which contributes to the diffusion bonding in the interface. The overall results clearly show that refill FSSW is a competitive welding method for joining Mg and galvanized steel.

AB - The application of magnesium (Mg) inevitably involves dissimilar welding with steel. A novel solid state spot welding method, refill friction stir spot welding (refill FSSW), was utilized to weld AZ31 Mg alloy to galvanized DP600 steel. Although Mg/Fe is an immiscible alloy system, defect-free welds with high strength were successfully obtained in a wide parameter window. The results of microstructure, interfacial reactions, and mechanical properties are reported to reveal the underlying joining mechanism. Due to the melting of Zn coating and subsequent Mg-Zn reactions, Mg-Zn eutectic and intermetallic compounds were detected within welds. Heterogeneous interfacial reactions occur along Mg/steel interface, and the relationship between interfacial structure and fracture behavior was investigated. The joining mechanism is associated with Zn coating and Fe-Al layer: 1) the presence of Zn coating is beneficial for achieving high-quality welding between Mg and steel, it protects the interface from oxidation and contributes to brazing of the weld; 2) the Al present in Mg alloy reacts with Fe, resulting in the growth of Fe-Al layer, which contributes to the diffusion bonding in the interface. The overall results clearly show that refill FSSW is a competitive welding method for joining Mg and galvanized steel.

KW - Galvanized steel

KW - Magnesium alloy

KW - Mechanical properties

KW - Microstructure

KW - Multi-materials joining

KW - Refill friction stir spot welding

KW - Engineering

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85111319509

U2 - 10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109997

DO - 10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109997

M3 - Journal articles

AN - SCOPUS:85111319509

SN - 0264-1275

VL - 209

JO - Materials and Design

JF - Materials and Design

M1 - 109997

ER -

Revealing joining mechanism in refill friction stir spot welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy to galvanized DP600 steel

Abstract

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