Numerical Investigation of Deposition Efficiency Influencing Factors in the Friction Surfacing Process

This work presents a numerical study of the friction surfacing process using a GPU-accelerated Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) framework previously validated against experimental observations. The model is employed to examine how thermal boundary conditions, rod diameter, and rod bending angle influence material deposition efficiency and the resulting deposit geometry. Variations in rod diameter are shown to influence both the thermal response and the contact pressure, with smaller rods producing higher efficiency but exhibiting greater process fluctuations. The findings highlight the critical roles of thermal management and geometric configuration in optimizing friction surfacing performance and provide actionable insight for experimental design and process control in solid-state deposition technologies.