Ecology Parties in Western Europe

This article sets out a basis for classification of the various types of ecology party in Western Europe according to their origins, level of governmental representation and direction of protest. The formation and development of these parties depends on several factors (electoral system, nature of party competition, policies of trade unions, salience of environmental issues). The future of ecology parties depends on these factors and on the responsiveness of established parties towards environmental questions. © 1982, Taylor & Francis Group. All rights reserved.