Constructing Indices for Secular and Emancipative Values

The World Values Survey measures of secular values and emancipative values are theoretically explained and empirically tested for their cross-cultural reliability and validity in Freedom Rising[1], pp. 57-105. The backward estimates of emancipative values for decades before available survey data are explained in Freedom Rising, pp. 157-161. The following syntax for building secular values and emancipative values as well as their respective sub-indices is taken from the Online Appendix to Freedom Rising at www.cambridge.org/welzel (pp. 15-27). The description of the backward estimation procedure is taken from the same location (pp. 52-55). Note that the syntax below uses the variable numbers of the longitudinal datafile, that corresponds to the EVS-WVS integrated dictionary.